超敏C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体联合血清淀粉样蛋白A检测在类风湿性关节炎诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)联合血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)检测诊断类风湿性关节炎的价值。方法以该院2018年1月至2018年12月收治的102例类风湿性关节炎患者作为实验组,同期82例健康体检者作为对照组,使用特种蛋白分析仪OTTMAN-1及配套试剂盒检测全血hs-CRP和SAA,使用日立7600生化分析仪及配套试剂检测抗CCP抗体及RF,比较四项指标水平。结果实验组患者的hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体和SAA平均水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体和SAA阳性检出率分别为88.24%、91.18%、81.37%和91.18%,高于对照组的1.22%、0.00%、57.32%和0.00%(P<0.05);实验组患者hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体联合SAA检测阳性检出率为98.04%,高于单一指标检出率(P<0.05)。结论hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体联合SAA检测有利于提高类风湿性关节炎诊断准确性。     

多种管控和干预手段促进辅助药品的合理使用

目的： 加强辅助药品的管控和干预，促进临床合理用药。方法： 通过多种管控和干预手段的实施，评价实施前后辅助药品使用的变化。结果： 综合培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段，辅助药品的使用合理率明显提升。经过管控，我院的辅助药品已基本不在全院药品销售金额排名前20名中，住院人均药品费用与住院人均辅助药品费用稳步下降，分别由2018年第一季度3511.70元和138.50元降至第四季度3344.40元和111.25元。辅助药品销售占比和医院药占比分别由2018年第一季度的2.60%和33.54%下降至第四季度2.24%和31.56%，乌司他丁冻干粉的使用合理率由干预前41.82%升高至100%，芪珍胶囊合理率由51.65%增加至100%。结论： 培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段相结合能显著减少辅助药品的不合理使用，切实减轻患者的经济负担，促进临床合理用药。     

真实世界中银杏叶滴丸治疗冠心病与脑梗死的合并用药方案研究＊

在真实世界中应用银杏叶滴丸治疗冠心病、脑梗死的基础上，对其合并用药信息采用社区发现算法（Louvain算法）进行复杂网络分析，挖掘其合并用药规律。在冠心病的临床用药方面，银杏叶滴丸常合并应用的西药主要有阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、阿托伐他汀、氨氯地平、单硝酸异山梨酯等，合并应用的中药以注射用灯盏花素、注射用丹参多酚酸盐为主；其合并用药组合主要有阿司匹林 + 单硝酸异山梨酯/阿托伐他汀/氨氯地平/曲美他嗪、氯吡格雷 + 注射用丹参多酚酸盐/匹伐他汀/氨氯地平/阿托伐他汀、阿托伐他汀 + 氨氯地平。在脑梗死的联合用药方面，银杏叶滴丸常合并应用的西药主要有阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、氨氯地平、氯吡格雷、硝苯地平等，合并应用的中药以注射用灯盏花素、疏血通注射液为主；其联合用药组合主要有阿司匹林 + 氨氯地平/阿托伐他汀/疏血通注射液/硝苯地平、阿托伐他汀 + 氯吡格雷/氨氯地平、注射用灯盏花素 + 阿司匹林/奥拉西坦。本研究中的数据来源于真实世界，对临床医生的诊疗具有一定的参考意义。     

Diagnostic value of bright spotty lesions on MRI after a first episode of acute myelopathy

Background and purposeTo determine the diagnostic value of bright spotty lesions (BSLs) for aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD^AQP4+), the predictive value of axial-BSLs for AQP4-IgG seropositivity, and the radio-clinical differences in NMOSD^AQP4+ patients with and without axial-BSLs.Materials and methodsRetrospective study that included patients aged ≥ 16 years, with a first acute spinal cord syndrome between 2005 and 2018 and abnormal spinal cord MRI with axial and sagittal T2 sequences. Patients with MRI findings consistent with compressive myelopathy were excluded. All spinal cord MRI were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of BSLs by 2 radiologists blinded to the diagnosis of acute myelopathy.ResultsA total of 82 patients were included; 15 aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients (NMOSD^AQP4+), and 67 other patients, considered as the other causes of myelopathy (OM) group. The specificity of axial-BSLs for NMOSD^AQP4+ patients was 94.0% (95% CI [85.6 to 97.7]). The sensitivity was 40.0% (95% CI [19.8 to 64.3]). In the multivariable analysis, the only MRI characteristic associated with AQP4-IgG positivity was the presence of axial-BSLs (OR: 9.2, 95% CI [1.2 to 72.9]; P = 0.022). In NMOSD^AQP4+ patients, the median of cord expansion ratio was higher with axial-BSL (1.2, IQR [1.1–1.3]) than without axial-BSL (1.1, IQR [1.0–1.2]; P = 0.046).ConclusionAfter a first acute spinal cord syndrome, the presence of axial-BSLs on spinal cord MRI seems very specific for NMOSD^AQP4+ and seems to be a predictor radiological marker of AQP4-IgG positivity.     

Serological Responses of Raccoons and Striped Skunks to Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait in West Virginia during 2012–2016

Since the 1990s, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has been used successfully to halt the westward spread of the raccoon rabies virus (RV) variant from the eastern continental USA. Elimination of raccoon RV from the eastern USA has proven challenging across targeted raccoon (Procyon lotor) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations impacted by raccoon RV. Field trial evaluations of the Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) were initiated to expand ORV products available to meet the rabies management goal of raccoon RV elimination. This study describes the continuation of a 2011 trial in West Virginia. Our objective was to evaluate raccoon and skunk response to ORV occurring in West Virginia for an additional two years (2012–2013) at 75 baits/km² followed by three years (2014–2016) of evaluation at 300 baits/km². We measured the change in rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) seroprevalence in targeted wildlife populations by comparing levels pre- and post-ORV during each year of study. The increase in bait density from 75/km² to 300/km² corresponded to an increase in average post-ORV seroprevalence for raccoon and skunk populations. Raccoon population RVNA levels increased from 53% (300/565, 95% CI: 50–57%) to 82.0% (596/727, 95% CI: 79–85%) during this study, and skunk population RVNA levels increased from 11% (8/72, 95% CI: 6–20%) to 39% (51/130, 95% CI: 31–48%). The RVNA seroprevalence pre-ORV demonstrated an increasing trend across study years for both bait densities and species, indicating that multiple years of ORV may be necessary to achieve and maintain RVNA seroprevalence in target wildlife populations for the control and elimination of raccoon RV in the eastern USA.     

Is weight-based IV dosing of trastuzumab preferable to SC fixed-dose in some patients? A systematic scoping review

Trastuzumab, a key treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer, is available in weight-based IV and fixed-dose (600 mg) SC formulations. While the Phase 3 HannaH trial indicated non-inferiority of the SC formulation, there is some concern that the target plasma concentration may not be reached in overweight/obese patients whereas low-body-weight patients may be at risk of toxicity.This scoping review evaluated whether overweight/obese patients are at risk of below-target exposure with fixed-dose SC trastuzumab, whether low-body-weight patients are at risk of increased toxicity, especially cardiotoxicity, and whether IV and SC trastuzumab are equivalent in terms of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (e.g. infections). Thirty-seven publications that met the eligibility criteria were included.Body weight is not an important determinant of exposure to trastuzumab at steady state (i.e. pre-dose cycle 8); however, real-world evidence suggests that the target concentration (20 μg/mL) may not be reached with the first SC dose in overweight/obese patients. There is no evidence that low-body-weight patients are at increased risk of cardiotoxicity with SC trastuzumab, although this may be confounded by the higher rate of cardiovascular comorbidities in overweight patients. In Phase 3 trials, SC trastuzumab was associated with higher rates of ISRs, ADAs and SAEs, the latter often requiring hospitalization and occurring during adjuvant treatment when patients are not burdened by chemotherapy.The route of administration of trastuzumab (IV vs SC) in different treatment settings should be discussed with the patient, taking into account the risks and benefits associated with each route.     

血小板抗体检测在新生儿血小板减少症诊治中的应用

目的: 探讨检测血小板相关抗体( PAIg) 的表达水平在新生儿血小板减少症诊断及治疗过程中的应 用价值。方法: 选择 2015－01～ 2017－12 我院收治的 60 例血小板减少症新生儿作为患儿组，同期选择 60 例健康 新生儿作为对照组，采用流式细胞术检测所有新生儿的外周血 PAIg 的表达水平，分析 PAIg 对新生儿血小板减 少症的诊断价值; 新生儿血小板减少症患儿采用血小板输注治疗并在治疗后检测 PAIg 的表达水平，分析 PAIg 对治疗效果的影响。结果: 新生儿血小板减少症患儿的 PAIgA、PAIgM 及 PAIgG 表达水平均明显高于对照组( P ＜0．05) ; 重症组患儿的 PAIgA、PAIgM 及 PAIgG 表达水平均明显高于轻度组患儿( P＜ 0．05) ; 经治疗后 42 例 ( 70．00%) 患儿有效，18 例( 30．00%) 患儿无效; 治疗前，有效组患儿的 PAIgM、PAIgG 表达水平均明显高于有效 组患儿( P＜0．05) ; 有效组患儿的 PAIgA 与对照组无明显差异( P＞0．05) ; 治疗后，有效组患儿的 PAIgA、PAIgM 及 PAIgG 表达水平均明显低于治疗前( P＜0．05) ; 而无效组治疗前后 PAIgA、PAIgM 及 PAIgG 表达水平无明显差异 ( P＞0．05) 。结论: PAIg 的表达水平与新生儿血小板减少症病情严重程度密切相关，是重要的诊断依据，同时 PAIg M 和 PAIg G 的表达水平与血小板输注的疗效密切相关，是判定治疗效果的重要指标。     

帕博丽珠单抗治疗晚期黑色素瘤的不良事件及相关性分析

背景与目的:免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)已成为肿瘤治疗的重要手段,然而伴随其显著疗效的是药物相关不良反应。观察帕博丽珠单抗在晚期黑色素瘤治疗中的安全性;初步探讨程序性死亡[蛋白]-1(programmed death-1,PD-1)单抗不良事件发生的预测因子及与疗效的相关性。方法:收集2016年8月-2017年7月期间在北京大学肿瘤医院入组一项"帕博丽珠单抗作为二线治疗中国局部晚期或转移性黑色素瘤的Ⅰb期临床研究(Keynote-151)"的54例患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、疾病分期、原发部位、既往化疗史、美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)评分及基线外周血细胞计数,以及药物治疗相关不良事件和疗效相关信息。不良事件根据通用不良事件术语标准(Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Events,CTCAE)4.03版评价,疗效根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,RECIST)1.1标准评估。结果:帕博丽珠单抗在晚期黑色素瘤治疗中不良事件发生率达88.9%(48/54),严重不良事件发生率为13.0%(7/54),无死亡病例;肝毒性是导致中断和终止用药的主要原因;分析严重不良事件的发生与所观察各项临床特征及实验室检查指标之间均无显著相关性;不良事件的发生与疗效相关分析提示白癜风(P=0.001)和甲状腺功能异常(P=0.007)与疗效相关。结论:帕博丽珠单抗治疗晚期黑色素瘤不良反应发生率较高,但以1~2级为主,耐受性较好;肝毒性对试验药物应用影响最大;白癜风和甲状腺功能异常均可能是疗效较好的预测因子。